Previous work found that positive emotions are easier to recognise than negative ones, and happy, angry, and sad expressions are recognised earlier and more easily than other basic emotions (e.g. This suggests that in situations which involve losing something important, anger and sadness may be confused. a treasured object) (Harmon-Jones, Harmon-Jones, and Summerell 2017). Anger may involve frustration, rejection, and feeling mistreated and can co-exist with sadness, particularly in relation to loss (e.g.
Happiness describes happy emotions including contentment, amusement, and relief and those that render one proud, excited, and safe. 2015).Įkman ( 1994, 2004) proposed that there are six basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, and surprise) which share characteristic facial expressions. By the sixth year, children can accurately recognise various facial expressions, and their emotion recognition could be similar to that of adults before children reach adolescence (Lawrence, Campbell, and Skuse 2015 Rodger et al. 5-year olds) (Boyatzis, Chazan, and Ting 1993 Philippot and Feldman 1990). 3-year olds) are less able to infer others’ facial expressions compared to older preschoolers (e.g. They start recognising facial expressions and emotional situations during the preschool years (Pons, Harris, and de Rosnay 2004). Typically developing children can discriminate between facial expressions from infancy (Lawrence, Campbell, and Skuse 2015). Children use others’ facial expressions to attribute mental states such as beliefs, and children who misinterpret facial expressions fail to infer understanding of feelings and expectations in themselves and others (Beeger et al. It is also vital for social relations and theory of mind (Grazzani et al. 2003), school competence (Garner and Waajid 2008 Raver, Garner, and Smith-Donald 2007) and ability to adapt to different circumstances (Niedenthal and Brauer 2012).
The ability to understand emotions assists preschool children’s cognitive and linguistic development (Robinson and Acevedo 2001), emotional intelligence (Zeidner et al.
Understanding of emotions is linked to children’s cognitive development.
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